Electrolytic Manganese Metal (EMM) Plates: Production Methods, Specifications, and Applications

Introduction
Electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) plates are high-purity manganese products produced through the electrolytic process. These plates have a wide range of industrial applications, particularly in steelmaking and battery manufacturing. In this article, we will explore the production methods, specifications, and key uses of electrolytic manganese metal plates.

Production Methods of Electrolytic Manganese Metal Plates

The production of electrolytic manganese metal plates involves an electrolysis process that begins with manganese ore (typically pyrolusite, MnO₂) as the raw material. The steps are as follows:

1. Ore Preparation
   The manganese ore is first processed to extract the manganese and remove impurities. The ore is typically crushed, washed, and then leached with sulfuric acid to produce a manganese sulfate solution.
2. Electrolytic Cell Setup
   The manganese sulfate solution is placed in an electrolytic cell. In this cell, two electrodes (a cathode and an anode) are submerged in the solution. The cathode is usually made of stainless steel, while the anode is typically made of graphite or other materials that are resistant to corrosion.
3. Electrolytic Process
   An electric current is passed through the electrolyte solution, causing manganese ions to migrate to the cathode, where they are reduced to form metallic manganese. The electrolyte also contains small amounts of impurities such as iron, copper, and calcium, which remain in the solution or settle as sludge.
4. Manganese Plate Harvesting
   As the electrolysis continues, metallic manganese plates begin to grow on the cathode. After a set amount of time, these plates are removed, washed, and dried. The resulting plates are of high purity, typically above 99.7%, making them ideal for applications requiring high-quality manganese.
5. Refinement
   To further improve the purity of the manganese, additional purification processes such as refining with hydrofluoric acid or sulfuric acid may be used. This ensures the final product meets the required specifications for different industrial uses.

Specifications of Electrolytic Manganese Metal Plates

The specifications for electrolytic manganese plates can vary depending on the production method and intended application. However, the typical specifications include:

• Purity: ≥99.7% Mn
• Manganese content: 97.5%–99.9%
• Appearance: The plates are usually silvery-gray with a shiny surface. They can also appear as blocks or sheets, depending on the production method and customer requirements.
• Size: Common sizes include plates or blocks with thicknesses ranging from 5mm to 50mm, although custom sizes can be produced.
• Impurities: Electrolytic manganese plates are characterized by low levels of impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, copper, iron, and calcium.
• Density: Approximately 7.43 g/cm³
• Shape: The plates are typically produced in rectangular, square, or cylindrical shapes.

These specifications ensure that the product is suitable for high-performance applications in the steel and battery industries, where high purity and consistency are crucial.

Applications of Electrolytic Manganese Metal Plates

1. Steel Industry
   The primary use of electrolytic manganese metal plates is in the production of steel, specifically in the manufacturing of high-strength steels and alloys. Manganese is a vital element in steelmaking, as it enhances the steel’s hardness, toughness, and resistance to wear. EMM plates are used in the production of:
   • Stainless steel: Manganese helps increase the strength and corrosion resistance of stainless steel.
   • High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels: These steels require manganese for improving tensile strength and fatigue resistance.
   • Manganese steel: Manganese is a key alloying element in the production of wear-resistant steel, particularly in mining and railway applications.
2. Batteries
   Electrolytic manganese metal is also crucial in the production of batteries, particularly in lithium-ion batteries. It serves as a component in cathodes, contributing to battery performance and longevity. Manganese is used in lithium manganese oxide (LMO) batteries and other energy storage systems. The high purity of electrolytic manganese makes it suitable for these advanced battery technologies.
3. Aluminum and Copper Alloys
   In the aluminum industry, manganese is used as an alloying element in aluminum to improve corrosion resistance and strength. Similarly, EMM plates are sometimes used in copper alloys to enhance their strength and resistance to corrosion.
4. Electronics and Automotive
   Due to its conductive properties, electrolytic manganese is used in electronics and automotive components that require high-purity metals for improved performance. Manganese plays a role in the production of semiconductors and electrical connectors.
5. Chemical Industry
   Manganese is also used in the production of various chemicals, such as potassium permanganate and manganese dioxide, which are important for water treatment, disinfection, and other industrial processes.

Conclusion

Electrolytic manganese metal plates are essential components in a wide range of industries, including steel production, battery manufacturing, electronics, and chemical processing. Produced through an electrolytic process that ensures high purity and minimal impurities, these plates meet the rigorous requirements of modern industrial applications. With their versatility and importance in key manufacturing sectors, electrolytic manganese metal plates play a critical role in driving technological advancements and improving material performance.